Muri iki gihe cya digitale, ibyifuzo bya ecran ya ecran kandi yerekana neza byiyongereye cyane. Bumwe muburyo bukunze kugaragara bwerekana ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoronike ni Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) ibara ryerekana ibara. Izi panne zitanga amashusho atangaje afite ibara ryerekana neza, bigatuma bahitamo kuri terefone zigendanwa, tableti, televiziyo, nibindi byinshi bisabwa. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacengera mubyiciro no gukora ihame rya TFT ibara ryerekana amabara kugirango tumenye neza imikorere yabo.
Ibara ryerekana amabara ya TFT rishobora gushyirwa mubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe: Guhindura Indege (IPS) hamwe na Twisted Nematic (TN). Ubwoko bwombi bufite imiterere yihariye kandi bukora intego zitandukanye, bugira uruhare muburyo butandukanye mubikorwa byo kwerekana.
Uhereye kuri paneli ya IPS, bazwiho amabara menshi yo kororoka no kureba impande zose. Iri koranabuhanga rikoresha amazi ya kirisiti ituma urumuri runyura nta kugoreka, bikavamo amabara nyayo kandi meza. Ikibaho cya IPS gitanga amabara ahoraho atitaye ku mfuruka yo kureba, bigatuma bahitamo neza kubafotozi babigize umwuga, abashushanya ibishushanyo mbonera, nabantu bashaka ubunararibonye bwo kureba neza.
Kurundi ruhande, panne ya TN irazwi kubisubizo byihuse nibiciro bihendutse. Ubu buhanga bukoresha kristu yamazi igoretse mugihe nta voltage ikoreshwa, ikabuza urumuri. Iyo voltage ikoreshejwe, kristu yamazi idahwitse, ituma urumuri runyura kandi rutanga ibara ryifuzwa. TN paneli isanzwe ikoreshwa mubikoresho byinjira-murwego kuko bihendutse kandi bitanga amabara yemewe kubyara porogaramu ya buri munsi.
Noneho, reka twibire mu ihame ryakazi rya TFT ibara ryerekana amabara, twibanze ku ikoranabuhanga rya IPS kuko rimaze kumenyekana cyane mu myaka yashize. Imbere yumwanya wa IPS, hariho ibice byinshi bishinzwe kwerekana amashusho neza kandi neza.
Itara ryinyuma, ryashyizwe inyuma yikibaho, risohora urumuri rwera runyura muri polarizeri. Polarizer yemerera gusa urumuri runyeganyega mu cyerekezo runaka kunyuramo, bikavamo urumuri rugororotse. Urumuri rwa polarize noneho rugera kumurongo wambere wibirahure, bizwi kandi nkibara ryungurura amabara, ririmo utuku duto, icyatsi, nubururu (RGB) muyunguruzi. Buri sub-pigiseli ihuye nimwe muribara ryibanze kandi yemerera ibara ryayo gusa kunyuramo.
Gukurikira ibara ryungurura substrate ni amazi ya kirisiti ya kirisitu, ashyizwe hagati yibirahuri bibiri. Amazi ya kirisiti muma panne ya IPS ahujwe gutambitse mumiterere yabyo. Ikirahure cya kabiri substrate, izwi nka TFT backplane, irimo tristoriste yoroheje ikora nka switch kuri pigiseli imwe. Buri pigiseli igizwe na sub-pigiseli ishobora gufungura cyangwa kuzimya bitewe n'ibara wifuza.
Kugenzura imiyoboro ya kristu ihuza, umurima w'amashanyarazi ukoreshwa kuri tristoriste yoroheje. Iyo voltage ikoreshejwe, tristoriste yoroheje ikora nka swift ituma umuyaga unyuramo, ugahuza kristu y'amazi ihagaritse. Muri ubu buryo, urumuri rwa polarize rwanyujijwe mu ibara rungurura amabara rugoramye kuri dogere 90, rukemerera kunyura mu kirahure cya kabiri. Urumuri rugoretse noneho rugera hejuru ya polarizer, ruhujwe na perpendicularly kumurongo wo hasi, bikavamo guhinduranya urumuri rwa polarisiyasi gusubira kumwanya wambere. Ihinduka rituma inzira yumucyo, ikora ibara ryifuzwa.
Imwe mungirakamaro zingenzi za paneli ya IPS nubushobozi bwabo bwo gutanga amabara ahoraho yimyororokere hamwe no kureba impande zose. Bitewe no guhuza kristu y'amazi, paneli ya IPS ituma urumuri rwohereza neza, bikavamo amabara amwe murwego rwose. Byongeye kandi, impande nini zo kureba zemeza ko amashusho aguma ari ay'amabara y'umwimerere, kabone niyo yarebwa muburyo butandukanye.
Mu gusoza, ibara ryerekana amabara ya TFT, cyane cyane tekinoroji ya IPS na TN, ryahinduye inganda zerekana hamwe n'amashusho yabo atangaje hamwe na porogaramu zitandukanye. IPS paneli nziza cyane muburyo bw'amabara no kureba impande zose, bigatuma biba byiza mubikorwa byumwuga. TN panel, kurundi ruhande, itanga ibihe byihuse byo gusubiza hamwe nigiciro-cyiza, ijyanye nibyifuzo byabakoresha burimunsi. Mugusobanukirwa ibyiciro hamwe nihame ryakazi rya TFT ibara ryerekana amabara, turashobora gushima ubuhanga bwibikoresho byahindutse igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwacu muriki gihe cya digitale.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-14-2023