Igikorwa cyamazi ya kirisiti yerekana amashanyarazi ni uguhindura cyane cyane ingufu za 220V mumashanyarazi atandukanye asabwa kugirango ikoreshwe ryerekanwa rya kirisiti, no gutanga voltage ikora kumashanyarazi atandukanye, imiyoboro ya logique, paneli yo kugenzura, nibindi. . mumazi ya kristu yerekana, hamwe nakazi kayo Bikora neza niba monitor ya LCD ishobora gukora mubisanzwe.
1. Imiterere yamazi ya kirisiti yerekana amashanyarazi
Amazi ya kirisiti yerekana amashanyarazi atanga cyane cyane 5V, 12V ikora. Muri byo, 5V voltage itanga cyane cyane imbaraga zumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wibibaho bikuru hamwe namatara yerekana kumurongo wibikorwa; voltage ya 12V itanga cyane cyane voltage ikora kububaho bwa voltage nini hamwe nubushoferi.
Umuzunguruko w'amashanyarazi ugizwe ahanini na filteri yumuzunguruko, ikiraro gikosora filteri yumuzunguruko, imiyoboro nyamukuru ihinduranya, guhinduranya ibintu, guhinduranya ibyuma byungurura, kuzenguruka, kurinda ibintu byoroshye, kugenzura PWM nibindi.
Muri byo, uruhare rwumuzunguruko wa AC ni ugukuraho kwivanga kwinshi kwinshi mumashanyarazi (umurongo wumurongo wumurongo ugizwe na rezistoriste, capacator na inductors); uruhare rwikiraro gikosora akayunguruzo ni uguhindura 220V AC muri 310V DC; guhinduranya umuzenguruko Imikorere yumuzunguruko wo gukosora ni uguhindura imbaraga za DC zingana na 310V binyuze mumiyoboro ihinduranya hamwe na transformateur ihinduranya mumashanyarazi ya pulse ya amplitude atandukanye; imikorere yo gukosora akayunguruzo ni uguhindura pulse voltage isohoka hamwe na transformateur ihinduranya mumashanyarazi shingiro 5V isabwa numutwaro nyuma yo gukosora no kuyungurura na 12V; Imikorere yumuzunguruko urenze urugero ni ukwirinda kwangirika kwumuyoboro woguhindura cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi biterwa numutwaro udasanzwe cyangwa izindi mpamvu; imikorere yumugenzuzi wa PWM ni ukugenzura guhinduranya imiyoboro ihinduranya no kugenzura umuzenguruko ukurikije ibitekerezo bya voltage yumuzunguruko.
Icya kabiri, ihame ryakazi ryamazi ya kirisiti yerekana amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi yumuzunguruko wamazi ya kirisiti yerekana muburyo busanzwe bwo guhinduranya ibintu. Umuyagankuba utanga amashanyarazi uhindura AC 220V yumuriro winjiza mumashanyarazi ya DC unyuze mugukosora no kuyungurura, hanyuma ugacibwa numuyoboro uhinduranya hanyuma ukamanurwa na transformateur yumurongo mwinshi kugirango ubone voltage yumurongo mwinshi. Nyuma yo gukosora no kuyungurura, voltage ya DC isabwa na buri module ya LCD isohoka.
Ibikurikira bifata AOCLM729 yamazi ya kirisiti yerekana nkurugero rwo gusobanura ihame ryakazi ryamazi ya kirisiti yerekana amashanyarazi. Umuyagankuba w'amashanyarazi ya AOCLM729 yerekana ibintu bigizwe ahanini na sisitemu ya AC filteri yumuzunguruko, umuzenguruko wikiraro, umuzenguruko woroshye, umuzunguruko nyamukuru, umuzunguruko wa filteri, umuzenguruko urenze urugero nibindi.
Ishusho yumubiri yumurongo wumurongo wamashanyarazi:
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuriro w'amashanyarazi:
- Akayunguruzo ka AC
Imikorere yumuzunguruko wa AC ni ugushungura urusaku rwatangijwe numurongo winjiza AC no guhagarika urusaku rwibitekerezo rwatanzwe mumashanyarazi.
Urusaku ruri mumashanyarazi rurimo ahanini urusaku rusanzwe hamwe n urusaku rusanzwe. Kumashanyarazi yicyiciro kimwe, hariho insinga 2 z'amashanyarazi AC hamwe numuyoboro wubutaka 1 kuruhande rwinjiza. Urusaku rwakozwe hagati y'imirongo ibiri y'amashanyarazi ya AC n'insinga z'ubutaka kuruhande rwinjiza amashanyarazi ni urusaku rusanzwe; urusaku rwakozwe hagati y'imirongo ibiri y'amashanyarazi ya AC ni urusaku rusanzwe. Akayunguruzo ka AC gakoreshwa cyane mugushungura ubu bwoko bubiri bwurusaku. Mubyongeyeho, ikora kandi nkumuzunguruko urenze urugero no kurinda amashanyarazi. Muri byo, fuse ikoreshwa mukurinda birenze urugero, na varistor ikoreshwa mukurinda voltage birenze urugero. Igishushanyo gikurikira nigishushanyo mbonera cya AC muyunguruzi.
Muri iki gishushanyo, inductors L901, L902, hamwe na capacator C904, C903, C902, na C901 bigize akayunguruzo ka EMI. Inductors L901 na L902 zikoreshwa mugushungura urusaku ruke rusanzwe; C901 na C902 zikoreshwa mugushungura urusaku ruke rusanzwe; C903 na C904 bikoreshwa mugushungura urusaku rwinshi rusanzwe n urusaku rusanzwe (interineti yumuriro mwinshi); Imipaka igabanya ubukana R901 na R902 ikoreshwa mugusohora capacitor mugihe amashanyarazi yacometse; ubwishingizi F901 ikoreshwa mukurinda birenze urugero, na varistor NR901 ikoreshwa mukurinda voltage kurenza urugero.
Iyo amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi yerekana ibintu byinjijwe mumashanyarazi, 220V AC inyura muri fuse F901 na varistor NR901 kugirango ikumire ingaruka zidasanzwe, hanyuma ikanyura mumuzunguruko ugizwe na capacator C901, C902, C903, C904, abarwanya R901, R902, hamwe na inductors L901, L902. Injira ikiraro gikosora inzitizi nyuma yumuzingi wo kurwanya interineti.
2. Ikiraro gikosora akayunguruzo
Imikorere yikiraro gikosora akayunguruzo ni uguhindura 220V AC muri voltage ya DC nyuma yo gukosorwa kwuzuye, hanyuma ugahindura voltage mo kabiri mumashanyarazi nyuma yo kuyungurura.
Ikiraro gikosora akayunguruzo kagizwe ahanini nugukosora ikiraro DB901 hamwe na capacitor ya C905.
Igishushanyo, ikiraro gikosora ikiraro kigizwe na diode 4 ikosora, naho kayunguruzo ni 400V. Iyo imiyoboro ya 220V AC iyungurujwe, yinjira mukosora ikiraro. Nyuma yo gukosora ikiraro ikora ubugororangingo bwuzuye kumurongo wa AC, ihinduka voltage ya DC. Noneho ingufu za DC zihindurwamo ingufu za 310V DC zinyuze mumashanyarazi C905.
3. Gutangira byoroshye
Imikorere yumurongo woroheje wo gutangira ni ukurinda ingaruka zihita zihinduka kuri capacitor kugirango harebwe imikorere isanzwe kandi yizewe yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Kubera ko voltage yambere kuri capacitori ari zeru mugihe iyinjizwamo ryumuriro ryashyizwemo ingufu, hazashyirwaho umuyoboro munini uhita winjira, kandi ubu bugenda butera kwinjiza fuse gusohora, bityo umuzenguruko woroshye-gutangira ukenera shiraho. Inzira yoroshye yo gutangira igizwe ahanini no gutangira kurwanya, diode ikosora, hamwe na capacitori. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo nigishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye cyo gutangira umuzenguruko.
Igishushanyo, abarwanya R906 na R907 ni barwanya 1MΩ. Kubera ko aba résistoriste bafite agaciro kanini ko guhangana, imikorere yabo ni nto cyane. Iyo amashanyarazi yo guhinduranya atangiye gusa, itangira ryakazi risabwa na SG6841 ryongewe kumurongo winjiza (pin 3) ya SG6841 nyuma yo kumanurwa na 300V DC yumuriro mwinshi binyuze mumurwanya R906 na R907 kugirango umenye gutangira byoroshye . Umuyoboro uhinduranya umaze guhinduka muburyo busanzwe bukora, voltage yumurongo mwinshi yashizweho kuri transformateur ihindura ikosorwa kandi ikayungururwa na diode D902 ikosora hamwe na capacitor ya C907, hanyuma igahinduka voltage ikora ya chip ya SG6841, hanyuma ugatangira- inzira irarangiye.
4. Inzira nyamukuru yo guhinduranya
Igikorwa cyingenzi cyumuzunguruko nugushaka umurongo mwinshi wumurongo wurukiramende wumuvuduko unyuze muguhindura imiyoboro ikata hamwe na transformateur nini cyane.
Inzira nyamukuru yo guhinduranya igizwe ahanini no guhinduranya umuyoboro, umugenzuzi wa PWM, guhinduranya ibintu, guhinduranya ibintu birenze urugero, kurinda ingufu za voltage nyinshi n'ibindi.
Kuri iyi shusho, SG6841 ni umugenzuzi wa PWM, niyo nkingi yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Irashobora gutanga ibimenyetso byo gutwara hamwe ninshuro ihamye hamwe nubugari bwimikorere ihindagurika, kandi ikagenzura imiterere-yimiterere ya tube ihinduranya, bityo igahindura ibisohoka kugirango igere ku ntego yo guhagarara neza. . Q.
Iyo PWM itangiye gukora, pin ya 8 ya SG6841 isohora urukiramende rw'urukiramende (muri rusange inshuro zisohoka ni 58.5kHz, naho cycle ni 11.4%). Impyisi igenzura imiyoboro ya Q903 kugirango ikore ibikorwa byo guhinduranya ukurikije inshuro ikora. Iyo umuyoboro wa Q903 uhora ufunguye / kuzimya kugirango ube wishimye cyane, transformateur T901 itangira gukora kandi ikabyara voltage ihindagurika.
Iyo isohoka rya pin 8 ya SG6841 iri murwego rwohejuru, umuyoboro uhindura Q903 urafungura, hanyuma igiceri cyibanze cya transfert ya T901 ihinduranya umuyaga unyuramo, utanga imbaraga nziza kandi mbi; icyarimwe, icya kabiri cya transformateur itanga voltage nziza kandi mbi. Muri iki gihe, diode D910 kuri secondaire iracibwa, kandi iki cyiciro nicyiciro cyo kubika ingufu; iyo isohoka rya pin ya pin 8 ya SG6841 iri kurwego rwo hasi, umuyoboro wa Q903 ucibwa, kandi ikigezweho kuri coil yibanze ya transfert ya T901 ihinduka ako kanya. ni 0, imbaraga za electromotive ya primaire ni hasi nziza nziza na hejuru yo hejuru, naho ingufu za electromotive zo hejuru nziza na hepfo mbi ziterwa na secondaire. Muri iki gihe, diode D910 irakinguye kandi itangira gusohora voltage.
(1) Inzira yo gukingira ikabije
Ihame ryakazi ryumuzenguruko urenze urugero nuburyo bukurikira.
Nyuma yo guhinduranya umuyoboro Q903 ufunguye, umuyoboro uzatemba uva mumazi ugana isoko yumurongo wa Q903, hanyuma hazavamo voltage kuri R917. Resistor R917 niyumwanya wo gutahura ubungubu, kandi voltage yakozwe nayo yongeweho muburyo butaziguye bwo kwinjiza ibintu bitagereranywa byerekana igereranya ryagereranijwe rya PWM mugenzuzi SG6841 chip (aribyo pin 6), mugihe cyose umuyaga urenze 1V, bizakora umugenzuzi wa PWM SG6841 imbere Inzira yo gukingira irinda iratangira, kugirango pin ya 8 ihagarike gusohora imivumba ya pulse, hamwe na trube ihinduranya na transformateur ihagarika gukora kugirango ibone uburinzi burenze urugero.
(2) Inzira yo gukingira umuyaga mwinshi
Ihame ryakazi ryumuzunguruko mwinshi wo gukingira ni nkibi bikurikira.
Mugihe amashanyarazi ya gride yiyongereye kurenza agaciro ntarengwa, ibisohoka biva mumashanyarazi ya coil nayo iziyongera. Umuvuduko uzarenga 20V, muri iki gihe umuyoboro wa voltage ZD901 uracika, kandi igitonyanga cya voltage kibaho kuri résistor R911. Iyo igitonyanga cya voltage ari 0,6V, transistor Q902 irakinguye, hanyuma shingiro rya tristoriste Q901 iba murwego rwo hejuru, kuburyo transistor Q901 nayo ifunguye. Muri icyo gihe, diode D903 nayo yarafunguwe, bituma pin ya 4 ya chip ya mugenzuzi wa PWM SG6841 ihagarara, bikavamo akanya gato k'umuzunguruko muto, bigatuma umugenzuzi wa PWM SG6841 azimya vuba ibisohoka.
Byongeye kandi, nyuma ya tristoriste Q902 ifunguye, voltage ya 15V yerekana pin 7 ya mugenzuzi wa PWM SG6841 ihita ihagarikwa binyuze mumurwanya R909 na transistor Q901. Muri ubu buryo, voltage yumuriro wamashanyarazi ya chip ya PWM umugenzuzi SG6841 iba 0, umugenzuzi wa PWM ahagarika gusohora imivumba ya pulse, hanyuma umuyoboro uhinduranya hamwe na transformateur uhagarika gukora kugirango ugere kumurengera mwinshi.
5. Gukosora akayunguruzo
Igikorwa cyo gukosora akayunguruzo ni ugukosora no kuyungurura ibisohoka bya voltage ya transformateur kugirango ubone imbaraga za DC zihamye. Kuberako inductance yamenetse ya transformateur ihinduranya hamwe na spike yatewe no gusubira inyuma kwimyuka ya diode isohoka, byombi bigira imbaraga zo guhuza amashanyarazi. Kubwibyo, kugirango ubone imbaraga za 5V na 12V zuzuye, ingufu zisohoka za transformateur zihindura zigomba gukosorwa no kuyungurura.
Akayunguruzo kayunguruzo kagizwe ahanini na diode, filteri irwanya, iyungurura ubushobozi, iyungurura, nibindi.
Kuri iyi shusho, akayunguruzo ka RC (ristoriste R920 na capacitor C920, ristoriste R922 na capacitor C921) ihujwe na paruwasi ya diode D910 na D912 kumasoko ya kabiri isohoka rya transfert ya T901 ikoreshwa kugirango ikuremo ingufu za surge zikomoka kuri diode D910 na D912.
Akayunguruzo ka LC kagizwe na diode D910, capacitor C920, résistor R920, inductor L903, capacator C922 na C924 zirashobora gushungura amashanyarazi ya electronique ya magnetiki ya 12V yumuvuduko ukomoka kuri transformateur hanyuma ikavamo voltage ihamye ya 12V.
Akayunguruzo ka LC kagizwe na diode D912, capacitor C921, ristoriste R921, inductor L904, capacator C923 na C925 zirashobora gushungura amashanyarazi ya electronique ya 5V isohoka ya voltage ya transformateur hanyuma ikavamo voltage ihamye 5V.
6. 12V / 5V igenzura ibizunguruka
Kubera ko 220V AC ikoresha imbaraga zihinduka murwego runaka, mugihe amashanyarazi azamutse, ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi nazo zizamuka bikurikije. Kugirango ubone voltage zihamye 5V na 12V, umuzenguruko.
Umuzunguruko wa 12V / 5V wumuzunguruko ugizwe ahanini nubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwa voltage (TL431), optocoupler, umugenzuzi wa PWM, hamwe n’umuriro wa voltage.
Kuri iyi shusho, IC902 ni optocoupler, IC903 nigenzura rya voltage neza, naho r924 na R926 ni rezo irwanya voltage.
Iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi urimo gukora, 12V isohoka ya voltage ya DC igabanijwe na rezistor R924 na R926, hanyuma voltage ikabyara kuri R926, ikaba yongewe muburyo butaziguye na TL431 igenzura neza ya voltage (kuri terminal ya R). Birashobora kumenyekana uhereye kumiterere yibirwanya kumuzunguruko Iyi voltage irahagije kugirango ufungure TL431. Muri ubu buryo, 5V voltage irashobora kunyura muri optocoupler hamwe na voltage igenzura neza. Iyo ikigezweho kinyuze muri optocoupler LED, optocoupler IC902 itangira gukora ikarangiza icyitegererezo cya voltage.
Iyo 220V AC imiyoboro ya voltage izamutse kandi n’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ukazamuka uko bikwiye, umuyoboro unyura muri optocoupler IC902 nawo uziyongera ukurikije, kandi umucyo wa diode utanga urumuri imbere muri optocoupler nawo uziyongera ukurikije. Imbere yo kurwanya Phototransistor nayo iba ntoya icyarimwe, kuburyo urwego rwo gutwara imiyoboro ya Phototransistor nayo izashimangirwa. Iyo urwego rwo gutwara rwa Phototransistor rukomejwe, voltage ya pin 2 ya PWM igenzura amashanyarazi SG6841 chip izagabanuka icyarimwe. Kubera ko iyi voltage yongewe kumurongo winjiza wimbere yamakosa yimbere ya SG6841, cycle yumusoro wibisohoka pulse ya SG6841 iragenzurwa kugirango igabanye ingufu zisohoka. Muri ubu buryo, ibisubizo birenze urugero byavuyemo ibitekerezo byakozwe kugirango bigere ku gikorwa cyo guhagarika ibisohoka, kandi ingufu zavuyemo zirashobora guhagarara hafi ya 12V na 5V.
igitekerezo:
Optocoupler ikoresha urumuri nkigikoresho cyo kohereza ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi. Ifite ingaruka nziza yo kwigunga kwinjiza no gusohora ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi, kuburyo ikoreshwa cyane mumirongo itandukanye. Kugeza ubu, ibaye kimwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya optoelectronic. Optocoupler muri rusange igizwe nibice bitatu: kohereza urumuri, kwakira urumuri, no kongera ibimenyetso. Iyinjiza ry'amashanyarazi ryinjiza diode itanga urumuri (LED) kugirango itange urumuri rwuburebure bwumurongo runaka, wakirwa na fotodetector kugirango ubyare ifoto, irusheho kwiyongera no gusohoka. Ibi birangiza amashanyarazi-optique-amashanyarazi, bityo ikina uruhare rwo kwinjiza, gusohoka, no kwigunga. Kubera ko ibyinjira nibisohoka bya optocoupler bitandukanijwe hagati yabyo, kandi itumanaho ryamashanyarazi rifite ibimenyetso biranga icyerekezo kimwe, rifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukumira amashanyarazi nubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwivanga. Kandi kuberako ibyinjira byanyuma bya optocoupler nikintu gito-impedance ikora muburyo bugezweho, ifite imbaraga-rusange-yo kwanga ubushobozi. Kubwibyo, irashobora kunoza cyane igipimo cyerekana-urusaku nkibintu byitaruye mugihe cyo kohereza amakuru igihe kirekire. Nka igikoresho cya interineti cyo gutandukanya ibimenyetso mu itumanaho rya mudasobwa no kugenzura igihe, birashobora kongera ubwizerwe bwimirimo ya mudasobwa.
7. Umuzenguruko urenze urugero
Igikorwa cyumuzenguruko wa overvoltage ni ukumenya ibisohoka voltage yumuriro. Iyo ibisohoka voltage ya transformateur izamutse bidasanzwe, ibisohoka bya pulse bizimya umugenzuzi wa PWM kugirango agere ku ntego yo kurinda uruziga.
Inzira yo gukingira birenze urugero igizwe ahanini nubugenzuzi bwa PWM, optocoupler, hamwe numuyoboro wa voltage. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cyavuzwe haruguru, umuyoboro wa voltage ugenzura umuyoboro wa ZD902 cyangwa ZD903 mu gishushanyo mbonera cy’umuzunguruko ukoreshwa mu kumenya ingufu ziva hanze.
Mugihe icya kabiri gisohoka voltage ya transformateur ihinduranya bidasanzwe, umuyoboro wa voltage ZD902 cyangwa ZD903 uzavunika, ibyo bigatuma urumuri rwumucyo utanga urumuri imbere muri optocoupler kwiyongera bidasanzwe, bigatuma pin ya kabiri yumugenzuzi wa PWM kunyura muri optocoupler. Phototransistor imbere yigikoresho irahagaze, umugenzuzi wa PWM ahita ahagarika ibicuruzwa biva muri pin 8, hanyuma umuyoboro uhinduranya na transformateur uhagarika gukora ako kanya kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kurinda umuzunguruko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-07-2023